Мозг: биография. Извилистый путь к пониманию того, как работает наш разум, где хранится память и формируются мысли - страница 204

31. Keith (1919), pp. 261–2.

32. Otis (2001), p. 67.

33. Robinson, J. (2001), Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission: Bridging the Gaps (1890–1990) (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 21.

34. Foster, M. and Sherrington, C. (1897), A Text Book of Physiology, part III: The Central Nervous System (London: Macmillan), pp. 928–9.

35. Там же, p. 969.

36. Материалы из: Sherrington (1906), pp. 2, 3, 18.

37. Цитаты приводятся по тому же источнику, pp. 141, 155, 39.

38. Там же, p. 39.

39. Valenstein, E. (2005), The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute Over How Nerves Communicate (New York: Columbia University Press). См. также Dupont, J.-C. (1999), Histoire de la neurotransmission (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France); Robinson (2001); Marcum, J. (2006), Annals of Science 63:139–56. Я не упомянул о работе двух Уолтеров – Гаскелла и Кэннона – потому что это отвлекло бы внимание от главной идеи.

40. Valenstein (2005), p. 6.

41. Ackerknecht, E. (1974), Medical History 18:1–8.

42. Valenstein (2005), p. 19.

43. Там же, p. 22.

44. Там же, p. 43.

45. Dale, H. (1914), Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 6:147–90.

46. Loewi, O. (1960), Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 4:3–25, p. 17.

47. Valenstein (2005), p. 58.

48. Robinson (2001), pp. 63–7.

49. Valenstein (2005), pp. 59–60.

50. Там же, p. 125; Eccles, J. (1976), Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 30:219–30, p. 221.

51. Eccles (1976), p. 225; Brooks, C. and Eccles, J. (1947), Nature 159:760–64.

52. Brock, L., et al. (1952), Journal of Physiology 117:431–60, pp. 452, 455.

1. Riskin (2016), pp. 296–304.

2. См., например: Cohen, J. (1966), Human Robots in Myth and Science (London: Allen & Unwin); Mayor, A. (2018), Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

3. Hill, A. (1927), Living Machinery (London: Bell); Herrick, C. (1929), The Thinking Machine (Chicago: University of Chicago Press). К сожалению, Геррик мало что мог сказать о мыслящих машинах.

4. Loeb, J. (1912), The Mechanistic Conception of Life: Biological Essays (Chicago: University of Chicago Press); Watson, J. (1913), Psychological Review 20:158–77.

5. Rignano, E. (1926), Man Not a Machine: A Study of the Finalistic Aspects of Life (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner); Needham, J. (1927), Man a Machine (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner).

6. Meyer, M. (1911), The Fundamental Laws of Human Behaviour (Boston: Badger), p. 39.

7. Russell, S. (1913), Journal of Animal Behavior 3:15–35, p. 17, note 5.

8. Там же, p. 35.

9. Miessner, B. (1916), Radiodynamics: The Wireless Control of Torpedoes and Other Mechanisms (New York: Van Nostrand), p. 195.

10. Loeb, J. (1918), Forced Movements, Tropisms and Animal Conduct (London: Lippincott), pp. 68–9.

11. Miessner (1916), p. 199; Cordeschi, R. (2002), The Discovery of the Artificial: Behavior, Mind and Machines Before and Beyond Cybernetics (London: Kluwer).

12. Uexkull, J. von (1926), Theoretical Biology (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner).

13. Magnus, R. (1930), Lane Lectures on Experimental Pharmacology and Medicine (Stanford: Stanford University Press), p. 333.

14. Uexkull (1926), p. 273.

15. Lotka, A. (1925), Elements of Physical Biology (Baltimore: Williams &Wilkins), p. 342.

16. Hull, C. and Baernstein, H. (1929), Science 70:14–15; Baernstein, H. and Hull, C. (1931), Journal of General Psychology 5:99–106; Krueger, R. and Hull, C. (1931), Journal of General Psychology 5:262–9.

17. Krueger and Hull (1931), p. 267.

18. Baernstein and Hull (1931), p. 99.

19. Ross, T. (1933), Scientific American 148:206–8.

20. Ross, T. (1935), Psychological Review 42:387–93, p. 387.

21. Ross, T. (1938), Psychological Review 45:185–9, p. 138.

22. Time, 16 September 1935.

23. Bernstein, J. (1868), Pfluger, Archiv fur Physiologie 1:173–207; Seyfarth, E.-A. (2006), Biological Cybernetics 94:2–8.

24. Bernstein, J. (1902), Pfluger, Archiv fur Physiologie 92:521–62.

25. McComas, A. (2011),